【英文标准名称】:Maritimenavigationandradiocommunicationequipmentandsystems-Digitalinterfaces-Multipletalkersandmultiplelisteners-Shipsystemsinterconnection-Companionstandardrequirementsandbasiccompanionstandards
【原文标准名称】:海上导航和无线电通信设备及系统.数字接口.多方通话器和受话器.船舶系统互连.配套标准要求和基本配套标准
【标准号】:BSEN61162-420-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2002-04-23
【实施或试行日期】:2002-04-23
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:船舶用无线电通信设备;无线电发射机;造船工程;无线电设备;数字信号;电气工程;无线电接收机;定义;接口(数据处理);导航辅助设备;船舶导航;无线电导航
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:InternationalStandardIEC61162-420specifiestherequirementforandbasiccomponentsoftheIEC61162-4seriescompanionstandards.Thesecomponentsarereferredtoasfollows:a)PCS(PISCEScompanionstandards)whichcontaintherulesforcreationofcompanionstandards.ThegeneralprinciplesunderlyingthePCSaredescribedinclause4.b)PCSDL(PCSdescriptionlanguage).PartofthePCSisthedefinitionofthesyntaxforthevarioustypesofcompanionstandarddocumentsthatmakethemreadablebycomputertools.ThePCSDLisdescribedinclause5.c)functionblockdescription.ThefunctionblockdescriptionisahighlevelandgraphicaldescriptionofapplicationsusingtheIEC61162-4seriesinterfacestandard.Thefunctionblocksyntaxisspecifiedinclause7.d)PFS(PISCESfoundationspecifications)whichcontainaframeworkforclassificationofapplicationsadheringtotheIEC61162-4standard.ThePFSwillalsoprovideaminimumlevelofinteroperabilitybetweendifferentmanufacturers'applicationsusingthisframework.ThePFSisdescribedinclause6.Clause5containsthecompletereferencetothePCSdescriptionlanguage.Subclause5.2explainsthebasicconceptofthePCSwhichisgivenbythedistinctionbetweenfourtypesofspecifications:applications,interfaces,informationanddatatypes.GeneralconventionswithrespecttothesyntaxofthePCScanbefoundin5.3.AllPCSdocumentsarebasedonasimilarstructure.ThisapproachisintendedtomakeiteasiertobecomefamiliarwiththesyntaxandsemanticsofthePCSwhichisdefinedin5.3.1.ThefoursubclausesthereafterexplainindetailthesyntaxandsemanticsofthefourdifferenttypesofspecificationsgeneratedbythePCS.Clause6describestherelationshipbetweenthedifferentclassesofIEC61162-4applicationsandgivesanoverviewoftheirfunctionality.TheannexescontainthedetailedPCSdefinitionsfortheclasses.Theobjectiveofcompanionstandardsistoprovidedefinitionsoftheinformationthatistransferredwithinanintegratedshipcontrolsystemandofhowtheseinformationitemscanbeaccessedorprovided.Furthermore,thestandardshallallowthedefinitionoftheactualnetworkinterfaceswhichtheapplicationsusetoconnecttothesystem.Thedescriptionformatismachine-readable,allowinganautomaticcompilationofthedescriptionintointerfacesoftware.Acompanionstandardallowsthereaderto,atwill,shiftthefocusbetweenatechnicalspecificationandadefinitionofinterfacesandinformationitems.Thedevelopmentteamcandetermineinformationattributeslikeunit,power,accuracyandthestructureofthesystemarchitectureandcreateacommoninterpretationbasisfordatabeforethesystemimplementation.Theformalismsunderlyingthespecificationlanguagewillatthesametimeprovideanunambiguousandprecisedescriptionoftheequipmentinterfaceswhichallowtheuseofcomputertoolstoautomaticallygenerateinterfaceprogramcodesortoinspectandmanipulateinterfaceson-line,forexamplefordebuggingandmonitoringpurposes.
【中国标准分类号】:U66
【国际标准分类号】:47_020_70
【页数】:104P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforConstant-Amplitude,Axial,Tension-TensionCyclicFatigueofAdvancedCeramicsatAmbientTemperatures
【原文标准名称】:高级陶瓷在环境温度下的恒幅轴向张力循环疲劳性能测定的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMC1361-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C28.01
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:advancedceramic;S-Ncurve;tension-tensioncyclicfatigue;Advancedceramics;Ambienttemperature;Constant-amplitudeaxialtension-tensionfatigue;S-Ncurve;Tensileproperties/testing--ceramics;Tension-tensioncyclicfatigue
【摘要】:Thispracticemaybeusedformaterialdevelopment,materialcomparison,qualityassurance,characterization,reliabilityassessment,anddesigndatageneration.High-strength,monolithicadvancedceramicmaterialsaregenerallycharacterizedbysmallgrainsizes(x003C;50x03BC;m)andbulkdensitiesnearthetheoreticaldensity.Thesematerialsarecandidatesforload-bearingstructuralapplicationsrequiringhighdegreesofwearandcorrosionresistance,andhigh-temperaturestrength.Althoughflexuraltestmethodsarecommonlyusedtoevaluatestrengthofadvancedceramics,thenonuniformstressdistributioninaflexurespecimenlimitsthevolumeofmaterialsubjectedtothemaximumappliedstressatfracture.Uniaxially-loadedtensilestrengthtestsmayprovideinformationonstrength-limitingflawsfromagreatervolumeofuniformlystressedmaterial.CyclicfatiguebyitsnatureisaprobabilisticphenomenonasdiscussedinSTP91AandSTP588.(1,2)Inaddition,thestrengthsofadvancedceramicsareprobabilisticinnature.Therefore,asufficientnumberoftestspecimensateachtestingconditionisrequiredforstatisticalanalysisanddesign,withguidelinesforsufficientnumbersprovidedinSTP91A,(1)STP588,(2)andPracticeE739.Themanydifferenttensilespecimengeometriesavailableforcyclicfatiguetestingmayresultinvariationsinthemeasuredcyclicfatiguebehaviorofaparticularmaterialduetodifferencesinthevolumeorsurfaceareaofmaterialinthegagesectionofthetestspecimens.Tensilecyclicfatiguetestsprovideinformationonthematerialresponseunderfluctuatinguniaxialtensilestresses.Uniformstressstatesarerequiredtoeffectivelyevaluateanynon-linearstress-strainbehaviorwhichmaydevelopastheresultofcumulativedamageprocesses(forexample,microcracking,cyclicfatiguecrackgrowth,etc.).Cumulativedamageprocessesduetocyclicfatiguemaybeinfluencedbytestingmode,testingrate(relatedtofrequency),differencesbetweenmaximumandminimumforce(Rorx0391;),effectsofprocessingorcombinationsofconstituentmaterials,orenvironmentalinfluences,orboth.Otherfactorsthatinfluencecyclicfatiguebehaviourare:voidorporositycontent,methodsoftestspecimenpreparationorfabrication,testspecimenconditioning,testenvironment,forceorstrainlimitsduringcycling,waveshapes(thatis,sinusoidal,trapezoidal,etc.),andfailuremode.Someoftheseeffectsmaybeconsequencesofstresscorrosionorsubcritical(slow)crackgrowthwhichcanbedifficulttoquantify.Inaddition,surfaceornear-surfaceflawsintroducedbythetestspecimenfabricationprocess(machining)mayormaynotbequantifiablebyconventionalmeasurementsofsurfacetexture.Therefore,surfaceeffects(forexample,asreflectedincyclicfatiguereductionfactorsasclassifiedbyMarin(3))mustbeinferredfromtheresultsofnumerouscyclicfatiguetestsperformedwithtestspecimenshavingidenticalfabricationhistories.Theresultsofcyclicfatiguetestsofspecimensfabricatedtostandardizeddimensionsfromaparticularmaterialorselectedportionsofapart,orboth,maynottotallyrepresentthecyclicfatiguebehavioroftheentire,full-sizeendproductoritsin-servicebehaviorindifferentenvironments.However,forqualitycontrolpurposes,resultsderivedfromstandardizedtensiletestspecimensmaybeconsideredindicativeoftheresponseofthematerialfromwhichtheyweretakenforgivenprimaryprocessingconditionsandpost-processingheattreatments.Th.........
【中国标准分类号】:Q32
【国际标准分类号】:81_060_30
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语